"Climb Ladder" is an action in the game DayZ Standalone (DZSA)
You can climb ladders to reach a higher elevation.
Ladders also often provide an alternate route to enter a building (such as from the roof) and sneak up on an unsuspected player, or an exit route when fleeing from Zombies
To climb a ladder, approach it until you see the white arrow icon. Interact with the ladder ("F" by default) and then use "W" ans "S" to climb up/down the ladder.