To craft Warframes you need materials. Here is a list of Warframe planets and what materials you find there:
Contents
Phobos
Boss - Trinity, Miter, and Twin Gremlins
Rubedo
Morphics
Plastids
Alloy mask
Mercury
standard blueprint - Cronus Longsword, Seer Pistol, Seer Pistol Barrel, Seer Pistol Receiver
Morphics - Semi-rare, more likely to drop off the Tolstoj boss
Ferrite
Polymer Bundle
Detonite Ampule
Venus
Boss blueprint - Rhino Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Alloy Plate - Semi-rare, more likely to drop off the Fossa boss
Polymer Bundle
Circuits
Fieldron Sample
Earth
Boss Blueprint -hydroid suck
Ferrite
Rubedo - Most likely to drop off the Everest boss, common drop in small amounts on Lua
Neurodes - More likely to drop off the Everest boss and on cambria
Detonite Ampule
Oberon Parts - Grineer Leader
Mars
Boss blueprint - Mag Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Morphics - More likely to drop off the War boss
Salvage
Gallium
Fieldron Sample
Jupiter
Boss blueprint - Valkyr Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Salvage
Alloy Plate
Neural Sensors - More likely to drop off the Themisto boss
Fieldron Sample
Saturn
Boss blueprint - Ember Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Nano spores
Plastids
Orokin cell - More likely to drop off the Tethys boss
Detonite Ampule
Uranus
Boss blueprint - Equinox night and day aspect, Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Polymer Bundle
Plastids
Gallium - More likely to drop off the Titania boss
Detonite Ampule
Tellurium - Mostly underwater
Neptune
Boss blueprint - Loki Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Nano spores
Ferrite
Control Module - More likely to drop off the Psamathe boss
Pluto
Boss blueprint - Excalibur Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Rubedo - More likely to drop off the Hades boss
Morphics - Semi-rare, more likely to drop off the Hades boss
Plastids
Alloy Plate
Ceres
Boss blueprint - Frost Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Nano spores
Plastids
Orokin cells
Eris
Boss blueprint - Nyx Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Alloy plates
Circuits
Neurodes - More likely to drop off the Naeglar boss
Europa
Raptor- Nova System, Chassis, Helmet
Control Module
Rubedo
Morphics
Fieldron Sample
Sedna
Boss blueprint - Saryn Systems, Chassis, Helmet
Rubedo
Alloy Plate
Salvage
Detonite Ampule